FTCE Professional Education Practice Exam

According to Steven Krashen's input-hypothesis model, how can ELLs benefit most?

1. By working only with advanced language learners

2. By receiving information significantly below their ability level

3. By being given information that is slightly above their ability level

4. By focusing on grammar rules

The correct answer is: By being given information that is slightly above their ability level

The correct response highlights the importance of providing English Language Learners (ELLs) with input that is slightly above their current proficiency level, a concept known as "i+1" in Krashen's input-hypothesis model. This approach suggests that language acquisition occurs most effectively when learners are exposed to language that is challenging yet comprehensible. By receiving input that extends just beyond their existing knowledge, ELLs can engage in a meaningful stretch that encourages language growth without causing frustration or confusion. This incremental challenge promotes cognitive engagement and comprehension, allowing learners to deduce meaning and internalize new vocabulary and grammatical structures through context. This makes language learning more effective, as it builds on their current linguistic abilities while pushing them towards greater proficiency. In contrast, working solely with advanced learners may leave ELLs feeling inadequate or lost, as they may struggle to keep up with more advanced peers. Receiving information significantly below their ability level does not challenge them, hindering their development. Focusing too heavily on grammar rules might lead to a superficial understanding of language use, as it could neglect the importance of contextual and communicative competencies. Therefore, the recommended approach aligns with Krashen’s theory and fosters an environment conducive to effective language learning.