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What characterizes Level II in Cummins' model?

  1. Cognitively demanding tasks with context embedded

  2. Cognitively undemanding tasks with context reduced

  3. Cognitively demanding tasks with context reduced

  4. Cognitively undemanding tasks with context embedded

The correct answer is: Cognitively undemanding tasks with context reduced

In Cummins' framework, Level II corresponds to cognitively demanding tasks that are supported by contextual clues. This phase is where learners are expected to engage with more complex information but still benefit from significant context. By embedding context, students can leverage their background knowledge and contextual assistance to navigate through challenging material. In this context, cognitively demanding tasks require critical thinking and problem-solving skills, but with the added support of context, they allow learners to process information more effectively. This stage helps learners transition from surface-level understanding to a deeper comprehension of content. The other descriptions might imply varying degrees of cognitive demand or the presence of context that does not align with the defining characteristics of Level II. For example, context reduction or undemanding tasks would not support the same level of cognitive engagement expected at Level II. Understanding these distinctions is vital for applying Cummins’ model to educational settings effectively.