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What defines a criterion-referenced test?

  1. Comparison of a student's score to other students

  2. Determining progress against a set mastery level

  3. Testing general knowledge without specific content focuses

  4. Emphasizing the test-taker's creativity

The correct answer is: Determining progress against a set mastery level

A criterion-referenced test is defined by its ability to assess whether a student has achieved specific learning objectives or mastery levels, rather than comparing their performance to that of other students. This type of assessment focuses on measuring a student's knowledge or skills against a predetermined standard or criteria. The intention is to determine if each student can demonstrate understanding and competence regarding the specific content areas that are being tested. This approach is particularly valuable in educational settings where the goal is to determine what students know and are able to do in relation to specific learning outcomes. It ensures that the assessment conveys clear expectations for student achievement and can provide actionable insights for both instructors and learners about areas of strength and those needing improvement.