FTCE Professional Education Practice Exam

What defines experimental research?

1. Observational study of existing variables

2. Manipulation of an independent variable to measure its effects

3. A focus on qualitative impacts of instruction

4. Analysis of teacher reflections

The correct answer is: Manipulation of an independent variable to measure its effects

Experimental research is defined by the manipulation of an independent variable to observe and measure its effects on a dependent variable. This approach allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships by controlling and altering variables systematically. In experimental research, participants may be randomly assigned to different groups, such as a control group and an experimental group, to assess the impact of the manipulation under controlled conditions. In contrast, observational studies focus on the analysis of existing variables without any intervention, which does not involve experimental manipulation. Qualitative impacts of instruction emphasize subjective experiences and interpretations rather than quantifiable measures that are typical of experimental design. Lastly, analyzing teacher reflections is relevant to understanding educational practices and outcomes but does not involve the systematic manipulation associated with experimental research.