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What is an essential characteristic of effective feedback given to students?

  1. It must come from peers only.

  2. It should be constructive and specific to guide future actions.

  3. It can be vague and general.

  4. It should focus only on grades received.

The correct answer is: It should be constructive and specific to guide future actions.

Effective feedback given to students is characterized by being constructive and specific, which plays a crucial role in guiding future actions. Constructive feedback provides students with actionable insights, helping them understand what they did well and where they can improve. Specificity is key, as it eliminates ambiguity and helps students comprehend precisely what areas need attention or enhancement. This approach fosters a growth mindset, encouraging students to engage in self-reflection and to take ownership of their learning processes. In contrast, feedback that is vague and general does not provide the necessary clarity to facilitate improvement. Focusing solely on grades can lead to a narrow understanding of learning, as it often overlooks the qualitative aspects of a student's work and the learning journey. While peer feedback can be valuable, it is essential to recognize that effective feedback should not be limited to peers alone; feedback from instructors is also crucial in providing a more comprehensive understanding of concepts and skills.