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What is the primary function of punishers in behavioral psychology?

  1. To increase the likelihood of specific behaviors

  2. To eliminate all forms of behavior

  3. To decrease the likelihood that a behavior is repeated

  4. To encourage competition among peers

The correct answer is: To decrease the likelihood that a behavior is repeated

The primary function of punishers in behavioral psychology is to decrease the likelihood that a behavior is repeated. Punishment introduces a consequence following a behavior that is undesirable, which serves to discourage that behavior from occurring again in the future. This mechanism is rooted in operant conditioning, where behaviors followed by negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated. In terms of the other options, the first choice refers to positive reinforcement, which increases the likelihood of a behavior by providing a reward. The second choice implies the complete elimination of behavior, which is unrealistic and not the intent of punishment, as some behaviors might still occur in different contexts. The last option suggests fostering competition, which is not a primary aim of punishment but rather a potential outcome in some learning environments or systems.