FTCE Professional Education Practice Exam

What occurs in both experimental and correlation research?

1. Random assignment of participants

2. Measurement of multiple dependent variables

3. Observation of naturally occurring variables

4. Standardized testing of student performance

The correct answer is: Observation of naturally occurring variables

In both experimental and correlation research, the observation of naturally occurring variables is a fundamental aspect. In correlation research, researchers look at the relationships between variables without manipulating them, allowing them to observe how changes in one variable may relate to changes in another in real-world settings. In experimental research, even though there is manipulation of independent variables, there is often an interest in observing the effects of these manipulations on naturally occurring variables—such as behaviors or outcomes—after applying treatments. This dual focus helps researchers understand not just direct effects of specific interventions, but also how various factors interact in a natural environment. The other options, while relevant in different contexts, do not apply to both types of research in the same way. Random assignment is a hallmark of experimental design but does not occur in correlation research. Measurement of multiple dependent variables might occur in experimental designs but isn't a requirement or common practice in correlational studies. Standardized testing might be used in specific studies, but it is not inherent to experimental or correlational research methodologies. Thus, the emphasis on naturally occurring variables highlights a shared aspect between these two research approaches.