FTCE Professional Education Practice Exam

Which of the following is included in Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?

1. Critical thinking intelligence

2. Intrapersonal intelligence

3. Emotional intelligence

4. Cultural intelligence

The correct answer is: Intrapersonal intelligence

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which was proposed in the early 1980s, suggests that intelligence is not a single entity but rather a combination of different types of intelligences. In this framework, intrapersonal intelligence refers to the ability to understand oneself, including one’s emotions, motivations, and inner workings. This type of intelligence enables individuals to effectively manage their emotions and behaviors, leading to greater personal insight and self-awareness. The inclusion of intrapersonal intelligence in Gardner's theory highlights the importance of self-knowledge and the ability to reflect on oneself, which can significantly influence personal development and interpersonal relationships. Individuals with high intrapersonal intelligence tend to excel in areas that require introspection, such as counseling, psychological analysis, and personal goal setting. In contrast, critical thinking intelligence, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence, while important concepts, do not fall under Gardner’s specified categories of multiple intelligences. Emotional intelligence, for example, is often considered a broader construct encompassing aspects of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence but is not classified as a distinct intelligence in Gardner's model. Similarly, cultural intelligence pertains to the ability to relate to and work effectively across cultures but is not one of Gardner's original intelligences. Thus, intrap