FTCE Professional Education Practice Exam

Which term refers to the cognitive conflict experienced when an individual's existing cognitive structure is challenged?

1. Disequilibrium

2. Assimilation

3. Accommodation

4. Equilibration

The correct answer is: Disequilibrium

The term that refers to the cognitive conflict experienced when an individual's existing cognitive structure is challenged is disequilibrium. In the context of cognitive development, particularly as theorized by Jean Piaget, disequilibrium occurs when new information or experiences cannot be easily integrated into an existing framework of understanding. This cognitive conflict prompts an individual to reassess their current knowledge and understanding, leading to growth and development. When faced with disequilibrium, individuals are motivated to seek new knowledge or adjust their mental frameworks to resolve the conflict, ultimately aiming to restore a state of balance or equilibrium in their understanding. This process is essential for learning and adaptation as it encourages individuals to incorporate new insights and experiences into their cognitive structures. In contrast, assimilation deals with the process of integrating new information into existing cognitive schemas without changing them, while accommodation involves modifying one's cognitive structures to integrate new experiences that do not fit into existing schemas. Equilibration refers to the overarching process of balancing assimilation and accommodation, helping to establish a stable understanding after experiencing disequilibrium. Each of these terms relates closely to how cognitive conflict can spur cognitive growth, with disequilibrium specifically pinpointing the moment of challenge.